New evidence from deep-water corals reveals the Red Sea defied extinction during the Last Glacial sea-level crash, rewriting the story of survival in one of Earth’s most extreme marine environments.
New discoveries from mesophotic reefs show that at least three shallow-water coral gall crab species (genus Opecarcinus) also thrive between 47 and 89 m in the Red Sea, revealing broader depth adaptability in these coral-associated symbionts.
Research shows that the deep-reef coral Leptoseris cf. striatus in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea maintains the same key algae partner (Cladocopium) over more than 1,300 km, only briefly adding stress-tolerant types when conditions change, revealing remarkable stability in its symbiotic community even across seasons.
Scientists have discovered that deep-sea black corals in the Red Sea—some collected from as deep as 655 meters—harbor symbiotic algae (Symbiodiniaceae), including entirely new genetic types, showing this partnership exists far deeper than previously thought.
Scientists have discovered that deep-sea brine pools in the Gulf of Aqaba preserve detailed records of past natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods, by analyzing the chemical composition of sediment porewaters.
"Polinski JM, Rodrigue M, Meyer JD and Harke MJ (2023) Drifting in the deep: Metatranscriptomics and metabarcoding reveal sustained metabolic activity and community composition in hydrothermal vent plume microbial communities. Front. Mar. Sci. 10:1219784. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1219784"
This study reports the first live adult observations of the heteropod Firoloida desmarestia in the Red Sea, revealing its presence at depths between 350 and 464.5 meters and suggesting a broader distribution of this species in the region.
This study reports new global depth records for three elasmobranch species—Carcharhinus altimus, Rhinobatos punctifer, and Iago omanensis—observed in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea, and presents ethological evidence on the feeding behavior of I. omanensis, highlighting the need for updated conservation strategies in deep-sea habitats.
This study documents the discovery of two new genera and two new species of palaemonid shrimps from the mesophotic and bathyal zones of the Red Sea, highlighting the region's rich yet underexplored deep-sea biodiversity.
Becker, C.C., Laura Weber, Brian Zgliczynski, Chris Sullivan, Stuart Sandin, Erinn Muller, Abigail S Clark, Melissa C Kido Soule, Krista Longnecker, Elizabeth B Kujawinski, Amy Apprill. Microorganisms and dissolved metabolites distinguish Florida's Coral Reef habitats, PNAS Nexus, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2023, pgad287, https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad287
This study investigates the role of bacterioplankton in dark CO₂ fixation within the oligotrophic Red Sea, revealing that bacteria contribute significantly to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation, accounting for 5–22% of total DIC fixation, and highlighting their importance in carbon cycling in nutrient-poor marine environments.
This study identifies and characterizes free-living foraminiferal-algal nodules (FANs) in the mesophotic zone of the northeastern Red Sea, revealing their significant contribution to the benthic carbonate budget—up to 66 g m⁻² year⁻¹—despite the low-light environment, and estimates their total calcium carbonate stock at approximately 980 megatons, underscoring their ecological and geological importance.
Amsler, C.D., M.O. Amsler, A.G. Klein, A.W.E. Galloway, K. Iken, J.B. McClintock, S. Heiser, A.T. Lowe, J.G. Schram, R. Whippo. Strong correlations of sea ice cover with macroalgal cover along the Antarctic Peninsula: ramifications for present and future benthic communities. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2023.00020
This study reports the first mesophotic record of the coral-dwelling gall crab Opecarcinus in the Red Sea, collected at a depth of 89 meters from the coral species Leptoseris cf. mycetoseroides in the NEOM marine area of Saudi Arabia. The discovery extends the known depth range of this obligate coral symbiont and provides insights into the distribution and ecological role of gall crabs in deeper reef ecosystems.
Wiley DN, Zadra CJ,Friedlaender AS, Parks SE, Pensarosa A, Rogan A,Alex Shorter K, Urbán J, Kerr I. 2023 Deployment of biologging tags on free swimminglarge whales using uncrewed aerial systems.R.Soc. Open Sci.10: 221376.https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.221376
This study investigates the diversity and distribution of Symbiodiniaceae communities associated with four coral species in the NEOM region of the Red Sea, revealing distinct symbiont assemblages across depth gradients and highlighting the potential for these corals to serve as refuges in the face of climate change.
Talwar BS, Bond ME, Williams S, Brooks EJ and others (2023) Reproductive timing and putative mating behavior of the oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus in the eastern Bahamas. Endang Species Res 50:181-194. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01231
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In a concerning discovery, researchers found that 40% of deceased hawksbill and green turtles along Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coast had ingested plastic debris, highlighting an urgent need for marine conservation efforts to combat plastic pollution.
Rivera, H.E., Cohen, A.L., Thompson, J.R. et al. Palau’s warmest reefs harbor thermally tolerant corals that thrive across different habitats. Commun Biol 5, 1394 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-04315-7
Researchers have pinpointed key dugong feeding areas in the Red Sea that are at risk from human activities, urging immediate conservation actions to protect these vital habitats.
Researchers have documented the first-ever sighting of Boulenger’s anthias (Sacura boulengeri) in the Red Sea, based on a juvenile specimen identified through both genetic and morphological analyses, expanding the known distribution of this deepwater fish species.
In a comprehensive survey of the northeastern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, researchers documented 26 elasmobranch species and two sea turtle species, including several not previously recorded in Saudi Arabian waters, highlighting the region's rich marine biodiversity and the need for targeted conservation efforts.
Marzo-Pérez, D., Pérez-García, JA, & Armenteros, M. (2023). Taxonomic list of free-living marine nematodes from the Jardines de la Reina coral reef system, Cuba. Journal of Marine Research , 42 (2), 38–46. Recovered from https://revistas.uh.cu/rim/article/view/1142
This study identifies and characterizes free-living foraminiferal-algal nodules (FANs) in the mesophotic zone of the northeastern Red Sea, revealing their significant contribution to the benthic carbonate budget—up to 66 g m⁻² year⁻¹—despite the low-light environment, and estimates their total calcium carbonate stock at approximately 980 megatons, underscoring their ecological and geological importance.
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Scientists have uncovered a vast deep-sea brine pool in the Gulf of Aqaba, spanning over 10,000 m², which preserves sediment layers dating back at least 1,200 years and offers a unique window into past climate and tectonic events in the region.
Navarro-Martínez ZM, Armenteros M, Espinosa L, Lake JJ, Apprill A (2022) Taxonomic and functional assemblage structure of coral reef fishes from Jardines de la Reina (Caribbean Sea, Cuba). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 690:113-132. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14049
Researchers have identified Amphistegina lobifera, a foraminifera species, as a reliable bioindicator of heat stress on coral reefs, demonstrating its effectiveness in monitoring thermal impacts on high-latitude Red Sea reefs.
This dataset provides comprehensive geochemical and genomic analyses from the NEOM Brine Pool in the Gulf of Aqaba, offering insights into the unique environmental conditions and microbial communities of this deep-sea hypersaline ecosystem.
In a concerning discovery, researchers found that 40% of deceased hawksbill and green turtles along Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coast had ingested plastic debris, highlighting an urgent need for marine conservation efforts to combat plastic pollution.
Ma L, Becker C, Weber L, Sullivan C and others (2022) Biogeography of reef water microbes from within-reef to global scales. Aquat Microb Ecol 88:81-94. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01985
Researchers have pinpointed key dugong feeding areas in the Red Sea that are at risk from human activities, urging immediate conservation actions to protect these vital habitats.
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Researchers warn that a massive undersea landslide in the Tiran Straits could unleash tsunamis twice the size of past events, posing a serious hazard to coastal communities and mega-developments along the Red Sea.
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